• Scale Economies

How firms Grow in Scale

• Horizontal integration (and its geography)
• Vertical Integration (and its geography)
• Diversification (and its geography)
• Geographical Advantages of Large Firms

Agglomeration Economies

• Localization Economies
• Urbanization Economies

Political economy: Forces of Production and Social Relations of Production

Mode of Production

• Forces of Production
• Social Relations of Production
  • Relations among owners/Capital
  • Relations among Capital and Labor\
    • Surplus Value

The Circuit of Capital

• Crisis of Capital
• Switching Crisis

The Geography of the Circuit of Capital

• Footlose capital.
• International Division of Labor
• New International Division of Labor

The geography of business cycles
Kondratiev cycles and the Fifth wave?

The state and economic geography

Assignment for Next Time

Read pp. 188-211, Begin reading Roberts, Paul. 1999. The sweet hearafter. Harper's 299:54-68.

Come to class with a basic understanding of the following concepts and themes: The three agricultural revolutions (rise of agriculture, global agricultural system, industrialization), Diffusion of agriculture, Plantations, land degradation, shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, factors affecting rural land use, subsistence/peasant agriculture, pastoral nomadism, intensive subsistence agriculture, agribusiness, vertical integration, types of commercial agriculture.