Cartography
GEO 225, Fall 2005
Geography & Meteorology Valapariso University

Symbolization

Symbolization

Geographic phenomena vs. geographic data

Spatial Dimensions of Geographic Phenomena

• point, zero-dimensional
• line, one-dimensional
• area, two-dimensional
• Volume, 2 ½-D and 3-D
• Space-time

Discrete vs. Continuous geographical phenomena

Abrupt or Smooth

Measurement scales

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

Types of Symbols
point, line, area, and volume/surface (2 1/2-D 3-D).

Visual Variables
Spacing, Size, Perspective Height, Orientation, Shape, Arrangement, Lightness, Hue, Lightness, Saturation

Matching measurement levels/phenomena and symbols

Pictographic vs. Geometric Symbols