GEO321 Urban and Regional Planning Valparaiso University

Chapter 1 Overview
Why do we need planning?
What are the specific concerns of planning?
Who are planners?
What kind of training does it take to become a planner?
Where are planners employed?

Chapter 2: The Urbanization of America

Initial Concentration
What trends led to the urbanization of the US?
What led to initial concentration of population in central cities?

Decentralization
What led to decentralization?
When did suburbanization start and what were its causes
This explanation of the causes of decentralization is largely technological. Is this an adequate explanation? Are there other causes?
How did the depression affect urbanization?

Post WWII
How did urbanization change after WWII?
What were the social and economic forces that favored decentralization after WWII?
What has been the primary geographical trend in population movement since WWII?
What was the cause of central city shrinkage after WWII?
What happened to the central cities when they lost population?
What trends occurred in urbanization occurred in the 1990s?

History of Planning Part I
When did city planning start?
How did planning in Europe influence the United States?

Colonial America
What was planning like in Colonial America?
How did the American Revolution Change Planning?

Post Colonial America and the 19^th Century
What led to the gridiron pattern of streets?
What led to Sanitary Reform?
What innovations did Frederick Law Olmstead introduce into city planning?
What created the desire for more urban open space?
How and why did planning for housing change?
What was not done in housing reform at this time?
How did housing reform in the US contrast with that in Europe?
What were the origins and purposes of the Civic improvement movement in the second half of the 19^th century?
What were the origins and purposes of the municipal art movement?
What were the origins and purposes of the City Beautiful movement? What impact did it have on Modern City Planning?

Birth of modern city planning in the 20^th century
What was the origin of Modern city planning in the United States?
How did the Plan of Chicago influence modern city planning?

Public Control of Private Property
What led to the evolution of public control over privately owned land in planning?
What is zoning?
What caused the widespread adoption of zoning?
How was zoning used to maintain the status quo?
What led to the growth of community master planning.
What led to the institutionalization of planning?
What did early plans cover?
What did early plans exclude?
What led to the emergence of Regional and State Planning?
How were regions of regional plans defined?
Why were most regional plans privately funded in the beginning?
What led to State planning efforts?
What is a “natural planning unit”?
Who was Ebenezer Howard and what contribution did he make to planning?
What was the structure of the Garden City he proposed?

History of Planning Part II
Why do we need to see planning in historic and ideological context?

Planning and Great Depression
Why did planning grow in the 1930s?
What planning initiatives emerged during the Great Depression?
Despite the growth of planning in the 1930s why was it ultimately a disappointing decade according to some?

Postwar Planning
How did planning change after WWII?
What led to the expansion of planning at city, town, and county levels in the postwar period?
What were the origins and purposes of urban renewal?
What were the outcomes of urban renewal?
When and why did environmental planning emerge?
What helped create the fields of Growth Control and Growth Management Planning?
What lead to the growth of Statewide planning in the 1960s?
What lead to the growth of economic development planning at the city and regional scales?
What lead to the development of Smart Growth?
What is Smart Growth?
What effect will terrorism have on urban design and pattern of settlement?

Urban and Regional Planning GEO 321 Spring 2004 Discussion Questions: Origins and Purposes of Planning
Chapter 1 Overview Why do we need planning? What are the specific concerns of planning? Who are planners? What kind of training does it take to become a planner? Where are planners employed? Chapter 2: The Urbanization of America Initial Concentration What trends led to the urbanization of the US? What led to initial concentration of population in central cities? Decentralization What led to decentralization? When did suburbanization start and what were its causes This explanation of the causes of decentralization is largely technological. Is this an adequate explanation? Are there other causes? How did the depression affect urbanization? Post WWII How did urbanization change after WWII? What were the social and economic forces that favored decentralization after WWII? What has been the primary geographical trend in population movement since WWII? What was the cause of central city shrinkage after WWII? What happened to the central cities when they lost population? What trends occurred in urbanization occurred in the 1990s? History of Planning Part I When did city planning start? How did planning in Europe influence the United States? Colonial America What was planning like in Colonial America? How did the American Revolution Change Planning? Post Colonial America and the 19^th Century What led to the gridiron pattern of streets? What led to Sanitary Reform? What innovations did Frederick Law Olmstead introduce into city planning? What created the desire for more urban open space? How and why did planning for housing change? What was not done in housing reform at this time? How did housing reform in the US contrast with that in Europe? What were the origins and purposes of the Civic improvement movement in the second half of the 19^th century? What were the origins and purposes of the municipal art movement? What were the origins and purposes of the City Beautiful movement? What impact did it have on Modern City Planning? Birth of modern city planning in the 20^th century What was the origin of Modern city planning in the United States? How did the Plan of Chicago influence modern city planning? Public Control of Private Property What led to the evolution of public control over privately owned land in planning? What is zoning? What caused the widespread adoption of zoning? How was zoning used to maintain the status quo? What led to the growth of community master planning. What led to the institutionalization of planning? What did early plans cover? What did early plans exclude? What led to the emergence of Regional and State Planning? How were regions of regional plans defined? Why were most regional plans privately funded in the beginning? What led to State planning efforts? What is a “natural planning unit”? Who was Ebenezer Howard and what contribution did he make to planning? What was the structure of the Garden City he proposed? History of Planning Part II Why do we need to see planning in historic and ideological context? Planning and Great Depression Why did planning grow in the 1930s? What planning initiatives emerged during the Great Depression? Despite the growth of planning in the 1930s why was it ultimately a disappointing decade according to some? Postwar Planning How did planning change after WWII? What led to the expansion of planning at city, town, and county levels in the postwar period? What were the origins and purposes of urban renewal? What were the outcomes of urban renewal? When and why did environmental planning emerge? What helped create the fields of Growth Control and Growth Management Planning? What lead to the growth of Statewide planning in the 1960s? What lead to the growth of economic development planning at the city and regional scales? What lead to the development of Smart Growth? What is Smart Growth? What effect will terrorism have on urban design and pattern of settlement?