ERIC Information & APA Format Samples

 
APA Format Samples for Reference List

ERIC: Educational Resources Information Center  http://www.eric.ed.gov/

Educator's Desk Reference http://www.eduref.org/Eric/

ERIC Reauthorization News  http://www.lib.msu.edu/corby/education/doe.htm

APA Citation Information for Reference List

This is minimal information (for only a few types of sources) and only for the Reference List. For formatting info on more types of sources and other citation situations, please refer to:

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition
  Reserve BF 76.7 .P83 2001 (pages 215 & 232 are good places to start)

The UW Writer's Handbook on APA Documentation Styles
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPAReferences.html

In the examples, APA's example referral numbers (from the book) are noted in brackets. The examples themselves are in blue typeface. We have repeated some of the UW Handbook's tips directly below (preceding the Reference List examples).

Formatting the Reference List

Title: type the word "References" at the top of a new page, centered.

Spacing: all entries should be double-spaced unless your assignment instructs you otherwise.

Indentation: Although the current Publication Manual advises standard (five spaces, first line) indention for the references list, this is primarily designed to make typesetting easier; the typeset version will have hanging indents (first line flush left, following lines five spaces indent). If your final version will be turned in for a grade rather than publication, it is recommended that you use hanging indents for enhanced readability. These samples have been formatted that way.

Capitalization: only the first word of titles of books and articles and the first word after a colon.

Punctuation: use a comma to separate

--surnames from initials
--a newspaper title from p. or pp.
--a journal title from volume number
--a volume number from page numbers
--when given, an issue number from page numbers
--(Ed.) from book title
--city of publication from state

Sample References List Entries: Journal articles

One author (print journal) [APA Reference example #1]

Worth-Baker, M. (2000). The Trojan war: It's not always the winners who

     are remembered best. Instructor, 110(2), 104.

Continuous pagination (print journal) (by volume; no issue number) [APA Reference example #1]

Puidokas, C. K. (2000). Spinning the web: Relationships, talk, and learning

     in a diverse classroom. English Education, 32, 299-307.

Paginated by issue (print journal) [APA Reference example #2]

Finders, M. J. (2000). "Gotta be worse: Negotiating the pleasurable and

     the popular. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 44(2), 146-49.


Electronic issue of journal based on print source [APA Reference example #71, 88]

Williams-Boyd, P., Skaggs, K., Ayres, L. (2000). Marriage in the middle: The art

     and craft of teaching early adolescents [Electronic version]. Childhood

     Education, 76(4), 236-39.


Electronic version of journal article that differs from print version
(e.g., no page numbers, tables reduced) [APA Reference example #71, 88]

Williams-Boyd, P., Skaggs, K., Ayres, L. (2000). Marriage in the middle: The art

     and craft of teaching early adolescents. Childhood Education, 76(4). Retrieved

     February 20, 2002, from Expanded Academic ASAP database.

Worth-Baker, M. (2000). The Trojan war: It's not always the winners who

     are remembered best. Instructor, 110(2). Retrieved February 21, 2002,

     from EBSCOhost MasterFILE Premier database.

Sample References List Entries: Books

Book with single author [APA Reference example Section B]

Gardner, M. R. (1994). On trying to teach: The mind in correspondence.

     Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.

 

Book other than first edition [APA Reference example #23]

Raths, L.. E., Wassermann, S., Jonas, A., & Rothstein, A. (1986). Teaching

     for thinking: Theory, strategies, and activities for the classroom. (2nd ed.). New

     York: Teachers College, Columbia University.

 

Article or chapter in edited book [APA Reference example #34]

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1991). Classroom instruction and cooperative

     learning. In H.C. Waxman & H. J. Walberg Maze (Eds.), Effective teaching:

     Current research (pp. 277-294). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.

Sample References List Entries: ERIC Documents

(in the first example, note that when there are more than 6 authors in APA style, only the first six are listed, followed by the term "et al." to connote the rest)

Beckwith, C., Cassida, J., Cote, B., James, A., Lane, S., O'Donnell, H.,

     Stroble, S., et al. (2001, January 1). It's about time: A resource unit. (ERIC

     Document Reproduction Service No. ED 453 911).

Lake-Jones, F. (2001, May 1).The effects of positive verbal reinforcement

     of the study behavior of eighth grade students. (ERIC Document Reproduction

     Service No. ED 451 558).

Personal Communications

This text is copied exactly from the APA Manual, 5th ed., p214. section 3.102:

Personal communications may be letters, memos, some electronic communications (e.g., e-mail or messages from nonarchived discussion groups or electronic bulletin boards), personal interviews, telephone conversations, and the like. Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible.
...computer networks (including the Internet) currently provide a casual forum for communicating, and what you cite should have scholarly relevance.

These two examples represent what the citation looks like in the text of your paper; they will not appear in your "Reference" list.

     . . . M. Worth-Baker (personal communication, February 15, 2002) . . .

     . . . (C. K. Puidokas, personal communication, February 23, 2002) . . .