INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAMS

    The University encourages cooperation among the various branches of learning and is pleased to announce these programs which are designed to enhance the student's major area of study.

    These interdisciplinary minors may be presented in partial fulfillment of the Major Field Requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree (see page 44).

    Restrictions. No more than two courses for these minors may overlap with other requirements whether within general education or within courses in any majors or other minors, except for the College of Engineering and the College of Business Administration.

Applied Statistics Minor

Administrative Committee: Associate Professors Hull (Mathematics and Computer Science, Chair); Ozgur (Information and Decision Sciences), Shingleton (Economics), Strasser (Information and Decision Sciences).

    Objectives. The applied statistics minor utilizes an interdisciplinary perspective to develop the student's ability to perform statistical analysis. The impact of statistics profoundly affects society today. Statistical tables, survey results, and the language of probability are used with increasing frequency by the media. Statistics also has a strong influence on physical sciences, social sciences, engineering, business, and industry. The improvements in computer technology make it easier than ever to use statistical methods and to manipulate massive amounts of data. This minor will prepare students to analyze data in their professional work. In addition, it will also provide background for those students who intend to pursue work in applied disciplines.

    Administration. This minor is jointly administered by the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Business Administration.

    Requirements. A total of 15 credit hours is required to complete this minor. Students who intend to complete this minor are strongly encouraged to consult their academic adviser before they begin their junior year. Depending on their major, students are advised to include specific courses as electives in their plans of study. Students should consult their academic advisers to determine which requirements these other courses fulfill. There may not be more than a total of a two course overlap with other requirements whether within general education or within a major or a minor.

    Students in the minor must complete the requirements for a degree program and the following courses:

IDS 205 Business Statistics or MATH 240 Statistical Analysis 3 or 4 Cr.
IDS/MATH 340 Statistics for Decision Making or ECON 325 Econometrics 3 Cr.
MATH 320 Mathematical Models in the Life and Social Sciences or IDS 320 Management Science 3 Cr.
MATH 344 Applied Probability and Statistical Decision Theory 3 Cr.
ECON/IDS/MATH 493 Seminar in Applied Statistics 3 Cr.
 
    Information and Decision Sciences majors may not use IDS 320 or IDS/MATH 340 to fulfill the minor requirements.

Bioethics Minor

Administrative Committee: Professor Meilaender (Theology); Associate Professors Hicks (Biology) and Kennedy (Philosophy, Chair).

    Objective. The Bioethics Minor will enable students more systematically to reflect upon and deepen their understanding of ethical issues in health care by drawing upon current discussions in philosophical and theological ethics. Students especially interested in ethical issues will be provided a valuable focus for their interest.

    Requirements. A total of 19 credit hours is required for this minor.

Required Courses

PHIL 125 The Good Life 3 Cr. or THEO 240 Christian Theology and the Moral Life 3 Cr.
PHIL 341 Biomedical Ethics 3 Cr. or THEO 341 Biomedical Ethics 3 Cr.
BIO 125 Biotechnology or BIO 151 Human Biology I or BIO 152 Unity of Life 4 Cr.

BETH 490 Bioethics Seminar 3 Cr.

Electives

BIO 270 Genetics 4 Cr.
PHIL 150 Logic and Critical Thinking 3 Cr.
PHIL 230 Environmental Philosophy and Ethics 3 Cr.
PHIL 250 Political Philosophy 3 Cr.
PHIL 290 Philosophical Topics (when relevant) 3 Cr.
PHIL 335 Ethical Theory 3 Cr.
THEO 344 Theology and the Scientific World 3 Cr.
THEO 346 Contemporary Moral Issues 3 Cr.
THEO 490 Topics in Theology (when relevant) 3 Cr.

BETH 490. Selected Topics in Bioethics.
Cr. 3. A seminar course in which a current issue in bioethics or a major thinker in bioethics will be examined. Prerequisite: completion of at least 15 credit hours of coursework in courses approved for the minor including PHIL 341 or THEO 341.

Business Administration Minor

    Administration. This program is administered by the College of Business Administration.

    Objective. This minor is intended for students who plan to complete a Master in Business Administration degree in the future or who desire a more advanced preparation in a business minor than is provided by the Liberal Arts Business Minor. This is a comprehensive business minor covering all the major areas of course work to prepare one for entering a masters program. Students intending to transfer into the College of Business Administration need a course in calculus in addition to these courses.

    Requirements. A total of 31 credit hours is required to complete this minor.

Required Courses

ACC 205 Financial Accounting 3 Cr.
ACC 206 Managerial Accounting 3 Cr.
ECON 221 Principles of Economics - Micro 3 Cr.
ECON 222 Principles of Economics - Macro 3 Cr.
IDS 205 Business Statistics 3 Cr.
FIN 304 Financial Management 3 Cr.
MGT 206 Legal Environment of Business 3 Cr.
MGT 304 Management and Organizational Behavior 3 Cr.
MKT 304 Marketing Management 3 Cr.

    MATH 122 or 124 or 131 or 151 is a prerequisite for IDS 205.

Environmental Studies Minor

Administrative Committee: Professors Arkkelin (Psychology), Janke (Geography and Meteorology); Associate Professors Aljobeh (Civil Engineering), Bradley (Chemistry), Eberhardt (Biology, Chair), Shingleton (Economics); Assistant Professor Luther (Mathematics and Computer Science).

    Objective. This minor will broaden the experiences of students with traditional majors in the College of Arts and Sciences by exposing them to approaches used by various disciplines and sectors of society that are attempting to solve complex environmental problems.

    Requirements. A total of 16 credit hours is required to complete this minor.

General Education

    For non-science majors the General Education requirements for a natural science should be fulfilled with at least:

    BIO 172 Diversity of Life 4 Cr. (No prerequisite with instructor's approval)
    CHEM 111 Introduction to Chemistry 4 Cr.
    GEO 104 Geomorphology 4 Cr.

Required Courses

BIO 250 Human Environmental Biology or GEO 260 Environmental Conservation 3 Cr.
ECON 210 Environmental Economics and Policy 3 Cr.
PHIL 230 Environmental Philosophy and Ethics 3 Cr.
One of the following 3 Cr.
    ENGL 390 Topics: Environmental Literature
    GEO 210 Topics: Human Impacts on the Environment
    GEO 210 Topics: National Parks
    GEO 215 Introduction to Geographical Information Systems
    GEO 230 Remote Sensing in Geography
    GEO 274 North American Indian on Film
    PSY 355 Environmental Psychology
One Field Studies Course 3 Cr.
    BIO 350 Field Biology
    GEO 385 Environmental Field Studies
    ENVS 499 Colloquium on Environmental Management 1 Cr.

ENVS 499. Colloquium on Environmental Management.
Cr. 1. Students discuss environmental issues from philosophical, economic and scientific perspectives, learn about research methods from faculty in each of the representative disciplines of  the minor and be exposed to management techniques through guest speakers from organizations dealing with environmental problems. Prerequisite: junior standing.

Ethnic Studies Minor

Administrative Committee: Professors Berg (History), Janke (Geography and Meteorology); Associate Professors Venturelli (Sociology), Walton (Social Work, Chair).

    Objectives. The Ethnic Studies minor offers an interdisciplinary perspective on race, ethnicity, and culture, specially on the nature of historical and social constructs that define group and individual experiences, attitudes, and identities. The focus of the minor will be on the following North American ethnic groups: African-American, Chicano/Latino, Native American, and Asian-American. The objectives of the minor have two complementary components. One, more narrowly academic, aims at helping students develop critical thinking using a multicultural perspective with reference to their own backgrounds and those of others, and with materials from within and without the traditional canon. The other, more social and experiential, involves becoming familiar with and appreciating diversity among students and the larger community. Both aim at providing knowledge and understanding which will help students reach across racial and cultural barriers and equip them to function effectively, both professionally and personally, in a multicultural and multiracial world.

    Requirements. A minimum of 15 credit hours constitutes the minor.

Program Core

HIST 225 Alternative Perspectives of United States History: Racial Minorities and Mainstream America
    or ENGL 365 American Ethnic Literature 3 Cr.

Elective Courses

ECON 233 Economics of Race and Gender 3 Cr.
ENGL 365 Fiction by American Women (designated sections) 3 Cr.
GEO 200 American Ethnic Geography 3 Cr.
GEO 274 North American Indian on Film 3 Cr.
HIST 322 Slavery, Abolitionism, and Sectionalism 3 Cr.
HIST 323 Civil War and Reconstruction 3 Cr.
MUS 101 Introduction to Music 3 Cr.
SOCW 210 Social Welfare: Policy and Services 3 Cr.
SOCW 330 Vulnerable Populations: Color, Gender, and Orientation 3 Cr.
SOC 160 Contemporary Social Problems (approval by committee with consultation with instructor required) 3 Cr.
SOC 347 Race and Ethnic Relations 3 Cr.
THEO 337 Black Theology and Black Church 3 Cr.
THEO 353 Studies in Theology and Practice (when topic is appropriate) 3 Cr.
THEO 368 Native American Religions 3 Cr.

    Additional courses for the minor will consist of topics courses and departmental seminars, each of which must be approved and will be publicized by the administrative committee. Students wishing to use a course not listed must have the course approved by the administrative committee prior to enrolling in the course. No more than one course at the 100 level may apply towards the minor. At least two of the courses applying towards the minor must be at the 300 level or above.

Film Studies Minor

Administrative Committee: Professors Byrne (English), Falkenstein (Foreign Languages and Literatures), Juneja (English), Maxwell (English, Chair), Sponberg (English), and Trost (Political Science); Associate Professors Kennedy (Philosophy), Morgan (Christ College).

    Objectives. The film studies minor offers an opportunity to discover the place and significance of an important twentieth century art which has also been a social force. Film can be studied for its artistry, its historical development, its influence on human perceptions of the world and its relation to such subjects as national cultures, technology, politics, mass media, theater and religion. The minor in Film Studies allows the small scale but concentrated study of one important art, and through it, modern times.

    Requirements. At least 15 credit hours in film studies courses constitute a minor. The requirements include:

ENGL 231 Film Aesthetics 3 Cr.
At least one course from each of the following three areas 9 Cr.
    Film and Literature
    Film and Society
    History of Film

    A second course from one of these three areas may be counted toward the minor. Other options include a special topics course (e.g., Film and Religion) approved by the Chair of the Committee.

    Film and Literature Area. Offered by the Department of English and the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures: ENGL 390, FLF 250, FLGR 250, FLS 250. These are special topics courses which from time to time offer appropriate topics, such as Shakespeare on Film, The Novel and Film, Storytelling in Film and Literature. These courses scrutinize both similarities and differences in the handling of a theme and show how literary analysis may be used in understanding the cinema.

    Film and Society Area. Offered by the Department of History and the Department of Political Science: HIST 393, POLS 490 (Film and Politics). These courses consider film from the viewpoint of the historian and the social scientist, emphasizing the use of social-historical themes in film and the effect of film on society and history.

    History of Film Area. Offered by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, the Department of History and Christ College: FLGR 260, HIST 390, CC 300. Topics such as History of the German Film, History of the American Film and Film in Asia are offered. These courses consider the historical development of film art and the film industry in the context of one or more national traditions of cinema.

Gender Studies Minor

Administrative Committee: Professors Dooley (Law), Henderson (Economics), J. Moore (Theology); Associate Professors Bhattacharya (English, Chair), Corazzo (Art), Esper (Psychology), Rubchak (History), Sandock (English), Shingleton (Economics); Assistant Professors Bond (English), Burow-Flak (English), Seguin (History), van Doorn-Harder (Theology).

    Objectives. The Gender Studies minor offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the lives of women and men, especially on the nature of social and cultural constructs that give meaning to the biological difference of sex. The fact that persons are male and female takes on a complex of meaning that can be explored through study of literature and the arts, religion, history, society and social institutions, the professions, human psychology and development, and life sciences. This program, by including courses that study women in culture, society, and history, and that include the best of a growing body of feminist theory and research, also intends to help correct a tradition of scholarship and teaching that has ignored the contributions and concerns of women. Overall, the program will give both men and women a better sense of identity and possibility, and will foster greater understanding of the complex ways in which we, for good and for ill, are influenced by culture and society.

    Requirements. A minimum of 15 credit hours (normally five courses) constitutes a minor. Each student must take GNST 201, Introduction to Gender Studies, plus one course in social or life sciences and one course in the humanities or fine arts. The remainder of the program (normally two courses) are elective. All courses should be chosen from a list of courses approved each year by the committee. Regularly offered courses approved by the committee include:

Core Requirement

GNST 201 Introduction to Gender Studies 3 Cr.

Social and Life Sciences

ECON 233 Economics of Race and Gender 3 Cr.
PSY 390 Topics: Psychology of Women 3 Cr.
SOCW 390 Women: Social Support and Developmental States 3 Cr.
SOC 220 The Family 3 Cr.
NUR 322 Women and Their Health 3 Cr.

Humanities and Fine Arts

ART 311 Art History and Feminism 3 Cr.
ART 318 Nineteenth Century European Art 3 Cr.
ENGL 390 Women's Writing/Women's Lives 3 Cr.
HIST 316 The Great Witchcraft Delusion 3 Cr.
THEO 317 The New Testament in Its Cultural Environment 3 Cr.
THEO 326 History of Women in the Church 3 Cr.
THEO 343 Theology of Marriage and Sexuality 3 Cr.
CC 300 Love and Friendship 3 Cr.
CC 300 Inventing the Body 3 Cr.

GNST 201. Introduction to Gender Studies.
Cr. 3. An introductory course exploring the issues in gender construction within our society together with the ways that gender issues have affected the various disciplines within the university. This course is intended to introduce the student to the courses in the gender studies minor as a foundation for studying the issues related to gender in the other courses included in the minor.

    Many additional courses for the minor will be offered as topics courses and departmental seminars, each of which must be approved and will be publicized by the administrative committee each year. Students wishing to use a course not listed above must have the course approved by the administrative committee prior to enrolling in the course.

Human Aging Minor

Administrative Committee: Associate Professors G. Evans (Biology), Nelson (Psychology), Pepa (Nursing, Chair); additional faculty from Sociology, Social Work, and Theology.

    Objectives. The Human Aging minor offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the nature of the aging process and the needs of older adults. Aging involves a complex set of changes that involve biological and psychological processes, as well as the role of the older individual in society. The premise of the program is that these changes are best understood and explored in an interdisciplinary context. As the average human lifespan grows longer and the proportion of elderly people in our country increases, study in human aging will become very important to those seeking to understand and render service to our society. Individuals interested in careers in the biomedical or social sciences who are interested in working with older adults will find this minor to be an essential part of their preparation.

    Requirements. A minimum of 18 credit hours constitutes a minor. In addition to the core program courses, at least two elective classes (6 credit hours) must also be taken. Acceptable elective classes include the courses listed on the Elective Courses list. Other University classes such as experiential learning and special topics courses may also be allowed as elective classes if they are deemed by the Administrative Committee to have a primary focus on issues related to human aging. Students wishing to use a course not listed on the Elective Courses list to meet elective requirements for the minor must have the course approved by the Administrative Committee prior to enrolling in the course. Examples of classes which may qualify include PSY 485 (Psychology Practicum), SOCW 390 (Social Work Colloquium), and SOC 386 (Internship in Sociology).

Program Core

PSY 332 Psychology of Adulthood and Aging 3 Cr.
SOC 327 Aging in American Society 3 Cr.
THEO 359 Theology of Aging 3 Cr.
NUR 351 The Aging Process 3 Cr.

Elective Courses

BIO 260 Human Nutrition 3 Cr.
SOCW 410 Analysis of Social Policy 3 Cr.
THEO 358 Understanding Death and Dying 3 Cr.
THEO 353 Studies in Theology and Practice (when topic is appropriate) 3 Cr.
NUR 310 U.S. Health Care Systems 3 Cr.

Liberal Arts Business Minor

Administrative Committee: Associate Professor Pirie (Finance, Co-Chair), David Schroeder (Information and Decision Sciences), Shingleton (Economics), Stieger (Physical Education, Co-Chair).

    Objective. The objective of the Liberal Arts Business Minor is to introduce nonbusiness majors to the functional areas of business administration. This program is especially appropriate for students who plan to enter the job market after graduation with a traditional major from the College of Arts and Sciences.

Required Courses

ECON 221 Economics - Micro 3 Cr.
ACC 205 Financial Accounting 3 Cr.
ENGL 300 Introduction to Professional Writing
        or ACC 206 Managerial Accounting
        or ECON 222 Economics - Macro 3 Cr.
MGT 206 Legal Environment of Business 3 Cr.
MGT 304 Management and Organizational Behavior 3 Cr.
MKT 304 Marketing Management 3 Cr.
FIN 304 Financial Management 3 Cr.

    Arts and Sciences students who are considering the possibility of becoming Business Majors must take the prerequisite courses in mathematics, statistics, etc., in order to qualify for admission to the College of Business Administration.

    Students who intend to complete the Liberal Arts Business Minor are strongly encouraged to consult with the office of the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences to obtain proper advising.

    The 15-18 credits earned in the courses offered by the College of Business Administration may be applied toward the 124 required for graduation with a Bachelor's degree in the College of Arts and Sciences (see page 48).

    Upon completion of the minor, the designation, "Liberal Arts Business Minor," is placed on the student's transcript.

Manufacturing Management Minor

Administrative Committee: Professor Schoech (Mechanical Engineering, Co-Chair), Associate Professors Ozgur (Information and Decision Sciences, Co-Chair), Strasser (Information and Decision Sciences).

    Objectives. This interdisciplinary minor program is designed to provide the opportunity for students to focus their study in manufacturing planning and control. It prepares students for entry level positions in manufacturing and the related areas of quality control, product design and development, production system design, and production scheduling and control. It complements a student's major area of study in engineering, business, mathematics, computer science, or other disciplines.

    Administration. This minor is jointly administered by the College of Engineering and the College of Business Administration. Requirements. A total of 16 credit hours is required to complete this minor. Students who intend to complete this minor are strongly encouraged to consult their academic adviser and a member of the minor administrative committee before they begin their junior year. A cumulative grade point average of 2.00 or better in the minor is required to earn this minor.

    Students are advised to include specific courses as electives in their plans of study. Students should consult their academic advisers to determine which requirements these other courses fulfill.

    Students must complete the following courses:

IDS 305 Production/Operations Management 3 Cr.
IDS 320 Management Science 3 Cr.
IDS/MATH 340 Statistics for Decision Making
        or ACC 320 Cost Accounting
        or ME 456 Manufacturing Systems Designs 3 Cr.
ME 253 or ME 354 Manufacturing Processes 4 Cr.
ME 457 or ME 458 Product and Production System Design 3 Cr.

    Mechanical Engineering and Information and Decision Sciences majors may not use IDS/MATH 340 to fulfill the minor requirements.

    Three credits of these courses may not be used to satisfy any of the minimum credit hours required for the completion of an engineering degree and may not be used to satisfy any other major or minor requirements. For mechanical engineering majors, ME 253 is required and both ME 456 and ME 458 may also be used to satisfy the mechanical engineering electives requirement.

Political Communication Minor

Administrative Committee: Professor Baas (Political Science, Chair); Professor Balkema (Political Science); Associate Professor Kocher (Communication); Assistant Professor Neff (Communication).

    The Political Communication Minor is a joint program offered through the Departments of Communication and Political Science. The focus is on the electoral process and the role of media in political life. It is intended to address the interests and needs of students considering a career as political reporters, or a career in political life, either as candidates or employees in political organizations. Additionally, it would facilitate the development of skills necessary for effective political action by citizen participants.

    Students electing this minor will have access to the Pentium workstation in the Department of Communication, which is available for student projects involving the Internet, as well as access to general campus computing facilities. The global Internet provides excellent resources in political science, communication, and journalism.

    Program requirements. A total of 18 credit hours is required for this minor. The required courses are:

COMM 110 Introduction to Internet Communication 3 Cr.
COMM 386 Internship 3 Cr.
COMM 369 Mass Media Law and Ethics 3 Cr.
POLS 220 State and Local Politics in the United States 3 Cr.
POLS 270 Political Behavior 3 Cr.
POLS 361 Public Policy 3 Cr.

Urban Studies Minor

Administrative Committee: Professors Baas (Political Science), Janke (Geography and Meteorology); Associate Professors Kilpinen (Geography and Meteorology, Chair), Shingleton (Economics); Assistant Professor Yogan (Sociology).

    Objectives. The Urban Studies Minor provides students with an interdisciplinary consideration of the diverse social, cultural, economic, political, and spatial issues confronting contemporary American cities. The majority of the minor is comprised of an experiential semester in one of America's largest and most diverse metropolitan areas-Chicago. This program involves living, learning, and working in the city and offers opportunities for students in a wide range of programs, from art to economics to premed. The goal of the minor is to enhance students' career opportunities, particularly through the internship, while equipping them to contribute meaningfully to public life and discourse.

    Requirements. A minimum of 19 credit hours constitutes the minor. Each student must complete the Chicago Urban Semester and one elective course.

Chicago Urban Semester

GS 338 The Core Course 4 Cr.
GS 348 The Seminar 4 Cr.
GS 386 The Internship 4 Cr.
GS 395 Independent Study 4 Cr.

Elective Courses

ECON 335 Urban Economic Problems 3 Cr.
GEO 320 Urban Geography 3 Cr.
GEO 321 Urban and Regional Planning 3 Cr.
POLS 220 State and Local Politics 3 Cr.
POLS 320 Urban Politics 3 Cr.
SOC 325 Urban Sociology 3 Cr.

    A student may substitute an appropriate topics course or departmental seminar in place of one of the elective courses listed above, provided the topic has an urban focus and is approved by the chair of the administrative committee prior to the student's enrolling in the course.

    Urban Semester. The following courses are offered in a residential program in Chicago in cooperation with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest:

GS 338. The Core Course: Public Policy in an Urban Center.
Cr. 4. A survey of three or four important urban policy areas giving special attention to issues being publicly discussed during the current semester. The course relies on presentations by individuals actively involved with the topic at hand, selected to provide different and sometimes contradictory perspectives. The policy areas are selected from among the following: health care, urban politics, neighborhood development, mass transportation, public education and municipal finance. S/U grade.

GS 348. The Seminar.
Cr. 4. Each student chooses one urban issue to examine in depth in a seminar involving readings, class discussions and field visits. Topics represent a range of academic disciplines, usually making it possible to select a seminar relating to a major. Recent seminar titles included City Politics, Urban Planning, Arts in the Black Community, Sexism and Racism, The Helping Professions, Dynamics of Urban Housing. Graded A-F.

GS 386. The Internship.
Cr. 4. Each student devotes 15 hours per week to an agency which can provide direct involvement in city life and exposure to a particular career environment. The placement is determined jointly by the student and staff during the first week of the semester. A wide range of placements is available. Graded either A-F or S/U at the student's choice upon entry into the program.

GS 395. Independent study Project.
Cr. 4. Each student pursues one topic from the Chicago experience under the supervision of a faculty member. Some projects grow out of the Internship whereas others are based on another component of the program. The student may elect to write a research paper or a creative piece, or to use photographic or other visual media. Graded A-F.

    All sophomores, juniors and seniors at the University are eligible to participate in this program. Students shall be admitted to this program on the recommendation of the Urban Studies Advisory Committee.

    Valparaiso University students register at Valparaiso for the Chicago Urban Semester and pay to Valparaiso University the general fee charged of all full-time students. Expenses for travel, meals and lodging are paid directly by the students. Full credit toward graduation is given for all courses taken in the Urban Studies program. The program is offered in both the fall and the spring semesters.